实战常用shell编写

实战常用shell编写

注意事项

  1. 开头加解释器:#!/bin/bash

  2. 语法缩进,使用四个空格;多加注释说明。

  3. 命名建议规则:变量名大写、局部变量小写,函数名小写,名字体现出实际作用。

  4. 默认变量是全局的,在函数中变量local指定为局部变量,避免污染其他作用域。

  5. 有两个命令能帮助我调试脚本:set -e 遇到执行非0时退出脚本,set-x 打印执行过程。

  6. 写脚本一定先测试再到生产上。

  7. 获取随机字符串或数字
    获取随机8位字符串:

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    方法1:
    # echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8
    471b94f2
    方法2:
    # openssl rand -base64 4
    vg3BEg==
    方法3:
    # cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid |cut -c 1-8
    ed9e032c

    获取随机8位数字:

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    方法1:
    # echo $RANDOM |cksum |cut -c 1-8
    23648321
    方法2:
    # openssl rand -base64 4 |cksum |cut -c 1-8
    38571131
    方法3:
    # date +%N |cut -c 1-8
    69024815

    cksum:打印CRC效验和统计字节

  8. 定义一个颜色输出字符串函数

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    方法1:
    function echo_color() {
    if [ $1 == "green" ]; then
    echo -e "[32;40m$2[0m"
    elif [ $1 == "red" ]; then
    echo -e "[31;40m$2[0m"
    fi
    }
    方法2:
    function echo_color() {
    case $1 in
    green)
    echo -e "[32;40m$2[0m"
    ;;
    red)
    echo -e "[31;40m$2[0m"
    ;;
    *)
    echo "Example: echo_color red string"
    esac
    }
    使用方法:echo_color green "test"

    function关键字定义一个函数,可加或不加。

  9. 批量创建用户

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    #!/bin/bash
    DATE=$(date +%F_%T)
    USER_FILE=user.txt
    echo_color(){
    if [ $1 == "green" ]; then
    echo -e "[32;40m$2[0m"
    elif [ $1 == "red" ]; then
    echo -e "[31;40m$2[0m"
    fi
    }
    # 如果用户文件存在并且大小大于0就备份
    if [ -s $USER_FILE ]; then
    mv $USER_FILE ${USER_FILE}-${DATE}.bak
    echo_color green "$USER_FILE exist, rename ${USER_FILE}-${DATE}.bak"
    fi
    echo -e "User Password" >> $USER_FILE
    echo "----------------" >> $USER_FILE
    for USER in user{1..10}; do
    if ! id $USER &>/dev/null; then
    PASS=$(echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8)
    useradd $USER
    echo $PASS |passwd --stdin $USER &>/dev/null
    echo -e "$USER $PASS" >> $USER_FILE
    echo "$USER User create successful."
    else
    echo_color red "$USER User already exists!"
    fi
    done
  10. 检查软件包是否安装

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    #!/bin/bash
    if rpm -q sysstat &>/dev/null; then
    echo "sysstat is already installed."
    else
    echo "sysstat is not installed!"
    fi
  11. 检查服务状态

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    #!/bin/bash
    PORT_C=$(ss -anu |grep -c 123)
    PS_C=$(ps -ef |grep ntpd |grep -vc grep)
    if [ $PORT_C -eq 0 -o $PS_C -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "内容" | mail -s "主题" dst@example.com
    fi
  12. 检查主机存活状态
    方法1:将错误IP放到数组里面判断是否ping失败三次

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    #!/bin/bash  
    IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"
    for IP in $IP_LIST; do
    NUM=1
    while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do
    if ping -c 1 $IP > /dev/null; then
    echo "$IP Ping is successful."
    break
    else
    # echo "$IP Ping is failure $NUM"
    FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$IP
    let NUM++
    fi
    done
    if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[*]} -eq 3 ];then
    echo "${FAIL_COUNT[1]} Ping is failure!"
    unset FAIL_COUNT[*]
    fi
    done

    方法2:将错误次数放到FAIL_COUNT变量里面判断是否ping失败三次

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    #!/bin/bash  
    IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"
    for IP in $IP_LIST; do
    FAIL_COUNT=0
    for ((i=1;i<=3;i++)); do
    if ping -c 1 $IP >/dev/null; then
    echo "$IP Ping is successful."
    break
    else
    # echo "$IP Ping is failure $i"
    let FAIL_COUNT++
    fi
    done
    if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then
    echo "$IP Ping is failure!"
    fi
    done

    方法3:利用for循环将ping通就跳出循环继续,如果不跳出就会走到打印ping失败

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    #!/bin/bash
    ping_success_status() {
    if ping -c 1 $IP >/dev/null; then
    echo "$IP Ping is successful."
    continue
    fi
    }
    IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"
    for IP in $IP_LIST; do
    ping_success_status
    ping_success_status
    ping_success_status
    echo "$IP Ping is failure!"
    done
  13. 监控CPU、内存和硬盘利用率

  • CPU
    借助vmstat工具来分析CPU统计信息。
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    #!/bin/bash
    DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)
    IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F [ :]+ /inet addr/{print $4} ) # 只支持CentOS6
    MAIL="example@mail.com"
    if ! which vmstat &>/dev/null; then
    echo "vmstat command no found, Please install procps package."
    exit 1
    fi
    US=$(vmstat |awk NR==3{print $13} )
    SY=$(vmstat |awk NR==3{print $14} )
    IDLE=$(vmstat |awk NR==3{print $15} )
    WAIT=$(vmstat |awk NR==3{print $16} )
    USE=$(($US+$SY))
    if [ $USE -ge 50 ]; then
    echo "
    Date: $DATE
    Host: $IP
    Problem: CPU utilization $USE
    " | mail -s "CPU Monitor" $MAIL
    fi
  • memory
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    #!/bin/bash
    DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)
    IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F [ :]+ /inet addr/{print $4} )
    MAIL="example@mail.com"
    TOTAL=$(free -m |awk /Mem/{print $2} )
    USE=$(free -m |awk /Mem/{print $3-$6-$7} )
    FREE=$(($TOTAL-$USE))
    # 内存小于1G发送报警邮件
    if [ $FREE -lt 1024 ]; then
    echo "
    Date: $DATE
    Host: $IP
    Problem: Total=$TOTAL,Use=$USE,Free=$FREE
    " | mail -s "Memory Monitor" $MAIL
    fi
  • Disk
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    #!/bin/bash
    DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)
    IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F [ :]+ /inet addr/{print $4} )
    MAIL="example@mail.com"
    TOTAL=$(fdisk -l |awk -F [: ]+ BEGIN{OFS="="}/^Disk /dev/{printf "%s=%sG,",$2,$3} )
    PART_USE=$(df -h |awk BEGIN{OFS="="}/^/dev/{print $1,int($5),$6} )
    for i in $PART_USE; do
    PART=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f1)
    USE=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f2)
    MOUNT=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f3)
    if [ $USE -gt 80 ]; then
    echo "
    Date: $DATE
    Host: $IP
    Total: $TOTAL
    Problem: $PART=$USE($MOUNT)
    " | mail -s "Disk Monitor" $MAIL
    fi
    done
  1. 批量主机磁盘利用率监控
    前提监控端和被监控端SSH免交互登录或者密钥登录。
    写一个配置文件保存被监控主机SSH连接信息,文件内容格式:IP User Port
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    #!/bin/bash
    HOST_INFO=host.info
    for IP in $(awk /^[^#]/{print $1} $HOST_INFO); do
    USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP ip==$1{print $2} $HOST_INFO)
    PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP ip==$1{print $3} $HOST_INFO)
    TMP_FILE=/tmp/disk.tmp
    ssh -p $PORT $USER@$IP df -h > $TMP_FILE
    USE_RATE_LIST=$(awk BEGIN{OFS="="}/^/dev/{print $1,int($5)} $TMP_FILE)
    for USE_RATE in $USE_RATE_LIST; do
    PART_NAME=${USE_RATE%=*}
    USE_RATE=${USE_RATE#*=}
    if [ $USE_RATE -ge 80 ]; then
    echo "Warning: $PART_NAME Partition usage $USE_RATE%!"
    fi
    done
    done
  2. 检查网站可用性
  • 检查URL可用性
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    方法1:
    check_url() {
    HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1)
    if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
    echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!"
    fi
    }
    方法2:
    check_url() {
    if ! wget -T 10 --tries=1 --spider $1 >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    #-T超时时间,--tries尝试1次,--spider爬虫模式
    echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!"
    fi
    }
    使用方法:check_url www.baidu.com
  • 判断三次URL可用性
    思路与上面检查主机存活状态一样。
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    方法1:利用循环技巧,如果成功就跳出当前循环,否则执行到最后一行
    #!/bin/bash
    check_url() {
    HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1)
    if [ $HTTP_CODE -eq 200 ]; then
    continue
    fi
    }
    URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"
    for URL in $URL_LIST; do
    check_url $URL
    check_url $URL
    check_url $URL
    echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
    done
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    方法2:错误次数保存到变量
    #!/bin/bash
    URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"
    for URL in $URL_LIST; do
    FAIL_COUNT=0
    for ((i=1;i<=3;i++)); do
    HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL)
    if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
    let FAIL_COUNT++
    else
    break
    fi
    done
    if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then
    echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
    fi
    done
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    方法3:错误次数保存到数组
    #!/bin/bash
    URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"
    for URL in $URL_LIST; do
    NUM=1
    while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do
    HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL)
    if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
    FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$IP #创建数组,以$NUM下标,$IP元素
    let NUM++
    else
    break
    fi
    done
    if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[*]} -eq 3 ]; then
    echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
    unset FAIL_COUNT[*] #清空数组
    fi
    done
  1. 检查MySQL主从同步状态
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    #!/bin/bash  
    USER=bak
    PASSWD=123456
    IO_SQL_STATUS=$(mysql -u$USER -p$PASSWD -e show slave statusG |awk -F: /Slave_.*_Running/{gsub(": ",":");print $0} ) #gsub去除冒号后面的空格
    for i in $IO_SQL_STATUS; do
    THREAD_STATUS_NAME=${i%:*}
    THREAD_STATUS=${i#*:}
    if [ "$THREAD_STATUS" != "Yes" ]; then
    echo "Error: MySQL Master-Slave $THREAD_STATUS_NAME status is $THREAD_STATUS!"
    fi
    done

本文标题:实战常用shell编写

文章作者:shuke

发布时间:2020年04月23日 - 15:04

最后更新:2020年04月23日 - 15:04

原始链接:https://shuke163.github.io/2020/04/23/%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8shell%E7%BC%96%E5%86%99/

许可协议: 署名-非商业性使用-禁止演绎 4.0 国际 转载请保留原文链接及作者。

-------------本文结束感谢您的阅读-------------

本文标题:实战常用shell编写

文章作者:shuke

发布时间:2020年04月23日 - 15:04

最后更新:2020年04月23日 - 15:04

原始链接:https://shuke163.github.io/2020/04/23/%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8shell%E7%BC%96%E5%86%99/

许可协议: 署名-非商业性使用-禁止演绎 4.0 国际 转载请保留原文链接及作者。

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